Right Atrial Pressure (RAP)
IVC Assessment
RAP estimated from IVC diameter and collapsibility
⚠ Unreliable in ventilated patients, athletes, severe TR
Hepatic Vein Alternative
SFF = S-VTI / (S-VTI + D-VTI) · SFF < 55% → RAP > 8 mmHg
Calculate SFF from wave VTIs or enter directly.
Right Ventricular Pressures
RVSP via TR
RVSP = 4(TR Vmax)² + RAP
RVDP
RVDP = RAP (no TS) · RVDP = RAP − TS gradient
Special Situation: RVSP & RVEDP in VSD
▶Pulmonary Artery Pressures
PA Systolic Pressure (PASP)
PASP = 4(TR Vmax)² + RAP (no PS)
PASP = RVSP − PSgradient
PASP = RVSP − PSgradient
PA End-Diastolic Pressure (PAEDP)
PAEDP = 4(PRend-diastolic velocity)² + RAP
Mean PA Pressure (mPAP) — Four Methods
Method 1 — PR peak velocity
mPAP = 4(PR peak)² + RAP
Method 2 — Mean TR gradient
mPAP = Mean ΔP(RV-RA) + RAP
Method 3 — RVOT AcT
mPAP = 79 − (0.45 × RVOT AcT)
Method 4 — PASP + PADP
mPAP = ⅓PASP + ⅔PADP
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)
Echo Method Abbas 2003
PVR = 10 × (TR Vpeak / RVOT VTI) + 0.16
Hemodynamic Method
PVR = (mPAP − mPCWP) / Cardiac Output
Left Atrial Pressure (LAP)
E/e' Method
LAP = E/e' + 4 · LAP = 1.24 × (E/e') + 1.9
⚠ Inaccurate in MS, MAC, prosthetic MV, severe MR, severe LV dysfunction, HCM
MR Method
LAP = SBP − 4(MR Vmax)²
Left Ventricular Pressures
LV Systolic Pressure (LVSP)
LVSP = SBP (no AS) · LVSP = 4(MR Vpeak)² + LAP · LVSP = SBP + AS gradient
LV End-Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP)
LVEDP = DBP − 4(ARend-diastolic velocity)²
Ar–A Duration Method
Ar–A > 30 ms → LVEDP > 20 mmHg
Ar measured at MV annulus (limited data when measured from leaflet tips)
Hemodynamic Summary
All calculated values — fill in each tab to populate
⚠️ These are echocardiographic estimates based on simplified Bernoulli equations. Right heart catheterization remains the gold standard. Please verify accuracy of all inputs. Not responsible for errors.
⚠️ Clinical Disclaimer: This tool is an educational and computational aid for trained echocardiographers. Not a substitute for individual clinical judgment.